Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease
What is Alzheimer’s?
Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of all dementia cases. While dementia refers to a general decline in memory and thinking skills severe enough to interfere with daily life, Alzheimer’s is a specific disease that causes this decline.
Alzheimer’s is not a normal part of aging, though age is the greatest risk factor. Most people with the disease are 65 or older, but younger-onset Alzheimer’s affects about 5% of people under 65. Regardless of when it begins, the disease follows the same progressive pattern.
How Alzheimer’s Progresses
Alzheimer’s develops along a continuum:
Asymptomatic: Brain changes begin but no symptoms appear
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Subtle memory and thinking problems
Mild Dementia: Noticeable memory lapses and some difficulty with daily tasks
Moderate Dementia: Increased confusion, personality changes, and needing help with basic activities
Severe Dementia: Extensive care needs, significant communication difficulties.
Warning Signs to Watch For
Early symptoms include:
- Difficulty remembering new information
- Challenges planning or solving problems
- Trouble completing familiar tasks
- Confusion about time or place Problems with words in speaking or writing
As the disease advances, you might notice:
- Significant memory loss (forgetting important dates or events) Withdrawing from work or social activities
- Mood and personality changes Increased confusion and disorientation
- Difficulty with movement and physical tasks
Treatment Options
While there’s no cure yet, treatment options include:
- Disease-modifying treatments: Donanemab (Kisunla™) and lecanemab (Leqembi®) remove beta-amyloid from the brain, slowing decline in early Alzheimer’s
- Symptom management medications: Help temporarily with memory and thinking problems
- Behavioral interventions: Address mood, sleep, and behavioral challenges
- Supportive care: Focuses on quality of life and daily function
If you or someone you know shows signs of Alzheimer’s:
- See a doctor as soon as possible
- Call the 24/7 Alzheimer’s Helpline: 800.272.3900
- Connect with your local Alzheimer’s Association for support
- Visit ALZConnected for online community support
- Use ALZNavigator to create personalized action plans
Remember: Many conditions cause memory problems. Only a proper medical evaluation can determine the cause of symptoms and lead to appropriate treatment.